⚠️ TRANSPORT IMMEDIATELY — NO DELAY

  • GDV / Bloat: distended abdomen, unproductive retching, restlessness, collapse
  • Chest wound: labored or paradoxical breathing, sucking wound sound
  • Arterial bleed: bright red pulsing blood, not stopped by 5 min direct pressure
  • Bite wounds to neck / chest / abdomen: even if entry looks small
  • Collapse, pale or white gums, unresponsiveness
  • Non-weight-bearing + visible limb deformity (fracture)
  • Fever >104°F with spreading redness/swelling around any wound
  • Seizures

🔍 STEP 1: FIND ALL WOUNDS

  • Clip or part the coat all over — double coats completely hide wounds
  • Check neck, chest, axilla, groin, and belly after every predator encounter
  • Multiple bite wounds are common from a single attack
  • Small entry wound ≠ small injury — bites track deep under the skin

⚠️ PREDATOR-SPECIFIC TRIAGE PRIORITIES

COYOTE Check airway and thorax immediately. Coyotes target the ventral neck and chest. High risk of tracheal tears and rib fractures/pneumothorax from puncture wounds.
WOLF Check back, neck, and spine. Wolves target dorsally with massive crushing force. Look for bone scoring and severe underlying tissue damage.
MOUNTAIN LION Immobilize cervical spine. The characteristic ambush bite targets the occiput/high throat. A small puncture here often masks fatal spinal cord injury.
BEAR Assess for blunt force trauma + laceration. Bears cause severe facial/scalp lacerations and skull fractures. Check for ear avulsions and concussions.

🩸 STEP 2: CONTROL BLEEDING

  • Firm direct pressure with clean cloth — hold 5 min without lifting
  • Do not disturb clot once bleeding slows
  • Tourniquet only if limb hemorrhage is life-threatening and transport is >30 min

💧 STEP 3: IRRIGATE ALL WOUNDS

What to use Saline, clean water, or 0.05% chlorhexidine
Tool 35–60 mL syringe + 18g needle or splash tip
Volume Minimum 250 mL per wound — more is better
Pressure Moderate — do NOT use high-pressure hose
Do NOT use H₂O₂, full-strength chlorhexidine scrub, iodine scrub

💊 STEP 4: COVER AND PROTECT

  • Moisten a non-adherent pad (Telfa) with saline, lay over wound
  • Wrap with roll gauze, then cohesive bandage (Vetrap)
  • Do NOT close or suture wounds in the field
  • Deep wounds should be evaluated by a veterinarian, since improper packing or closure can interfere with drainage and increase the risk of complications
  • Footpad wound: three-layer bandage, keep pad off bare ground

🐾 FOOTPAD INJURIES

Partial thickness (surface intact) Bandage and monitor; often heals without sutures
Full thickness (pad cut through) Vet repair required — complication risk is significantly higher
Bandage layers Non-adherent pad → padded gauze → cohesive outer
Change when Daily, or immediately if wet or soiled

⏱️ TIME WINDOWS

Situation Urgency
Arterial bleed / collapse / chest / bloat Immediate — minutes matter
Bite wound irrigation Within 1–2 hours of discovery
Wound closure by vet early veterinary care can improve the chance of a better outcome
Antibiotic start after bite Within 4–6 hours
Wet or soiled bandage change Same day

📋 FIELD KIT CHECKLIST

  • Saline 500 mL bags or clean water
  • 35–60 mL syringes + 18g needles
  • Non-adherent dressings (Telfa)
  • Roll gauze (4") × 4 rolls
  • Cohesive bandage (Vetrap) × 4 rolls
  • Blunt-tipped scissors
  • Rectal thermometer
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Rx)
  • Vet clinic:
  • After-hours emergency:
Health & Veterinary Disclaimer: This page is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for veterinary care. LGD breeds and giant-breed dogs may have special health risks, medication sensitivities, and emergency-care needs. This content does not diagnose, treat, prescribe, or replace guidance from a licensed veterinarian. If your dog may be sick, injured, poisoned, or in distress, contact a veterinarian, emergency clinic, or poison-control resource right away.

Disclaimer: Health & Veterinary Disclaimer: This content is for general educational purposes only and is not veterinary, medical, diagnostic, treatment, dosage, or emergency advice. Dog health needs vary by individual animal, breed, age, condition, medication history, pregnancy status, environment, and veterinary care. Always consult a licensed veterinarian or qualified animal health professional before making health, medication, nutrition, breeding, or emergency-care decisions.

Disclaimer: Important: Do not use this page to diagnose, treat, medicate, dose, or delay veterinary care. If a dog may be sick, injured, poisoned, pregnant with complications, or in distress, contact a licensed veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic immediately.